| 摘要註: |
"In the National Anthem, India is portrayed as a collection of images,some geographical and some linguistic. Written by Rabindranath Tagore in1911, this poem staked out linguistic regions long before they wereofficially formed. By juxtaposing language based regions like Punjab,Gujarat, Maratha, Utkala and Banga with geographical features of the Indianlandscape such as the mountains of Vindhyas and Himalayas, the Ganga andYamuna rivers and the Indian Ocean, the anthem endows these linguisticregions with a naturalness that can be belied by an attention to the historyof how these regions came to be formed in modern India. Just as mountains,rivers and oceans were seen as primeval features of the national landscape,so too were the territorial domains of these languages"-- |